What exactly is each discipline?
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) has existed since 1997 and works to rank specific web pages as high as possible in Google's organic results. The product of SEO is a click from a search-results page (SERP) to a brand's own website.
GEO (Generative Engine Optimization) is the discipline born in 2023-2024 that optimizes a brand's presence so large language models (LLMs) mention and recommend it in their answers. The product of GEO is a mention inside the model's answer, often without an intermediate click.
The operational difference is radical: SEO competes for a position in a visible list; GEO competes to be among the 3-5 brands the model chooses to name when a user asks a question.